What critical factor prevents the establishment of stable local populations of *H. nasicus* even if ample toads are present in the area?
Soil that is too compacted or dominated by heavy clay
The fundamental requirement for the western hognose snake across its entire habitat spectrum, from semi-deserts to prairies, is the soil structure suitable for excavation. This need for loose, manageable substrate is a non-negotiable factor for survival, supporting both feeding and overwintering. Consequently, if a region possesses high concentrations of heavy clay or has soil that has become significantly compacted, perhaps due to heavy farming practices, the snake cannot effectively dig. This physical barrier overrides the presence of necessary resources like prey (toads) or even the theoretical range placement, meaning a stable, self-sustaining population cannot form under such hardened ground conditions.
