When is the efficacy of chemical intervention improved by targeting newly hatched crawlers or stem mothers?
Answer
Before crawlers develop heavy wax or before stem mothers begin mass parthenogenetic reproduction in spring.
To maximize the effectiveness of chemical treatments, timing is crucial, focusing on the most vulnerable life stages. One optimal time is when nymphs first hatch into crawlers, before they have time to secrete their protective, heavy waxy coating. Another critical window involves targeting the overwintering stem mothers in early spring, applying treatment before they initiate large-scale asexual (parthenogenetic) reproduction, thereby preventing the subsequent explosive population increase that characterizes later outbreaks.
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