What does the species epithet lanigerum directly reference about Eriosoma lanigerum?
Answer
The copious white, waxy fluff covering the colonies
The species epithet *lanigerum* is derived from Latin roots that explicitly translate to 'wool-bearing.' This name directly corresponds to the most observable morphological characteristic of this specific aphid species: the dense, white, cotton-like filaments or waxy secretions that cover the colonies. This descriptive linkage highlights how the Linnaean classification system often integrates observable physical traits directly into the binomial nomenclature. While the aphid has many complex biological features, such as specialized mouthparts or specific evolutionary placement, *lanigerum* serves as the unique identifier for this external, protective visual feature.

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