What specific type of environment are Western Kingbirds generally absent from, preferring clear sightlines instead?

Answer

Dense forests

Western Kingbirds demonstrate a strong preference for open, sun-drenched environments that facilitate easy visual scanning for prey and rivals. Their ideal habitats include ranch lands, desert scrub, agricultural edges, and marsh borders, provided there are elevated elements like trees, wires, or posts available for perching. A key characteristic of their habitat requirement is the need for clear sightlines. Consequently, they are notably absent from areas characterized by dense forest cover, as such environments obstruct their view, making the spotting and successful aerial interception of insects much more difficult than in open country.

What specific type of environment are Western Kingbirds generally absent from, preferring clear sightlines instead?
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