What specialized primary prey item do Western Hognose Snakes consume, often facing chemical defenses?
Answer
Toads and frogs
The diet of the Western Hognose Snake is highly specialized, centering almost entirely around amphibians, specifically toads and frogs. This dietary preference presents a biological obstacle because many species of toads secrete potent toxins through their skin as a defense mechanism, which deters consumption by most other snake species. The Hognose Snake has evolved a specific countermeasure to overcome this issue. It manages this through chemical means, producing secretions from its Duvernoy's gland that are theorized to actively neutralize or break down the toxins present on the toad's skin, thereby ensuring the snake can safely ingest its preferred and nutrient-rich meal without harm.
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