How do the dorsal scales of Carphophis species differ fundamentally from those found on Earth Snakes (genus Virginia)?

Answer

Worm snakes have entirely smooth scales, whereas Earth Snakes possess keeled dorsal scales.

When differentiating worm snakes from other similarly small, brown snakes that share similar habitats, scale texture is a critical differentiator. Worm snakes, belonging to the Carphophis genus, are characterized by having scales that are notably smooth and often possess an iridescent sheen, allowing them to move easily through the soil. In contrast, Earth Snakes, which belong to the genus Virginia, possess dorsal scales that are keeled. A keeled scale is one that has a distinct ridge running down its center. This difference in scale structure is a key morphological feature used by observers to distinguish the worm snake from species like the Earth Snake.

How do the dorsal scales of Carphophis species differ fundamentally from those found on Earth Snakes (genus Virginia)?

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