What mechanism allows *Heterodon nasicus* to safely consume toads with defensive skin toxins?
Answer
Producing a substance in Duvernoy's gland secretions to break down toad toxins
The consumption of toads, which typically secrete defensive toxins from their skin to deter predation, is made possible for the Western Hognose Snake through a unique chemical adaptation involving its salivary secretions. The snake possesses Duvernoy's glands, and the compounds secreted from these glands are believed to play a critical role in detoxifying the prey item. These secretions are thought to actively break down or neutralize the noxious compounds produced by the toad's skin, effectively creating a safe window for the snake to digest the meal without suffering ill effects from the amphibian's primary chemical defense system.
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