What animal groups constitute the broad diet range of *I. pacificus* across its lifespan?

Answer

Reptiles, birds, and mammals

The diet of *I. pacificus* demonstrates impressive breadth across its various life stages, reflecting an adaptation that permits the species to persist in diverse habitats throughout the Western United States. This broad dietary range encompasses three major classes of vertebrates: reptiles, birds, and mammals. Larvae favor small vertebrates and reptiles (like lizards); nymphs incorporate birds alongside small/medium mammals; and adults target large mammals such as deer. This capacity to utilize such a variety of hosts, dictated by the tick's developmental stage, ensures population resilience and continued presence across varied ecological niches where host availability might fluctuate.

What animal groups constitute the broad diet range of *I. pacificus* across its lifespan?
diettickarthropod