What is the characteristic background color of the P. leopoldi dorsum?

Answer

Deep, dark background (black, blackish-brown, or charcoal)

The striking dorsal coloration of the Xingu River Ray is defined by its background hue, which is consistently described as deep and dark, encompassing shades such as black, blackish-brown, or charcoal. Scattered liberally across this dark canvas are numerous white spots or blotches. This intense dark base color is crucial for camouflage, allowing the ray to effectively disrupt its outline against the typically clear and often rocky river bottoms it favors within its environment.

What is the characteristic background color of the P. leopoldi dorsum?
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