In contrast to its complex dorsal display, what is the typical appearance of the ventral surface of P. leopoldi?
Answer
Pale, brownish-dusky color
The ventral (underside) surface of the Xingu River Ray exhibits a stark contrast when compared to its complex, darkly spotted dorsum. The underside is typically characterized by a pale, brownish-dusky coloration. This simplicity is an identifying factor; for instance, unlike related species such as *P. henlei* which are noted for having a large white center ventrally, the ventrum of *P. leopoldi* remains predominantly dark, save for the presence of small white spots located near the disc margin and around the mouth area.
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To which family does Potamotrygon leopoldi belong, sharing traits like a cartilaginous skeleton?How is the pectoral disc shape of the Xingu River Ray generally described?Regarding size metrics of P. leopoldi, which sex consistently grows larger?What is the maximum recorded disc width cited for the Xingu River Ray?What is the characteristic background color of the P. leopoldi dorsum?How do the white spots on adult P. leopoldi often evolve compared to young individuals?In contrast to its complex dorsal display, what is the typical appearance of the ventral surface of P. leopoldi?How does the toxicity of the venom in P. leopoldi change as the ray ages?Approximately how often does the Xingu River Ray periodically shed its venomous sting?What specific term describes the maturation of the jaw structure in P. leopoldi allowing consumption of hard-shelled prey?What specialized sensory organs are the primary tool for P. leopoldi locating meals hidden in the sediment?Compared to Potamotrygon henlei, what is a noted difference in the back coloration of P. leopoldi?