What type of nesting habitat is indicated by small, perfectly round exit holes in dead branches for cavity-nesting Hylaeus species?
Answer
An indication that a solitary bee, possibly a *Hylaeus*, has recently emerged.
For individuals managing landscapes outside of Hawaii where native *Hylaeus* species like *H. anomalus* reside, observing specific signs can confirm their presence. A key indicator of recent emergence from a cavity nest is the appearance of small, perfectly round exit holes in dead branches or old, dried stems. These holes are typically about the diameter of a pencil lead. The presence of such holes suggests that a solitary bee, likely one of the *Hylaeus* species that use pithy stems or pre-existing holes for nesting galleries, has recently completed its development and emerged as an adult from its hidden nursery chamber.

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