Why are temporary vernal pools crucial for Lithobates sylvaticus breeding success?

Answer

They usually lack predatory fish.

The absolute necessity for the survival of the wood frog population is the presence of vernal pools, which are small, temporary bodies of water created by spring rain or snowmelt. The primary evolutionary advantage these ephemeral wetlands offer is the absence of predatory fish species. Most fish predators that would consume the delicate eggs and vulnerable, small tadpoles cannot survive in pools that dry up completely later in the year. By breeding in these fish-free environments, the wood frog ensures a higher survival rate for its initial developmental stages, even though the environment presents the secondary risk of the pool evaporating before metamorphosis is complete.

Why are temporary vernal pools crucial for Lithobates sylvaticus breeding success?

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