Why are antler condition metrics inapplicable for assessing feral *H. inermis* populations in the UK?
Answer
Males possess tusks instead of shedding antlers seasonally
Standard population management metrics for deer, especially in game assessment, frequently rely on metrics derived from shed antlers, such as antler condition, to gauge the health and structure of male populations. Since the Chinese water deer males completely lack antlers and utilize tusks for contests, traditional metrics based on antler display or measurement are rendered completely inapplicable. Therefore, assessment in areas like the UK must shift focus to alternative indicators, such as observable sex ratios in the field or reproductive success rates, to understand population dynamics.

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