Where does the subspecies P. t. trochilus primarily winter?
Answer
West Africa
The Willow Warbler species is divided into three recognized subspecies, and each exhibits slightly different geographical patterns concerning their breeding and wintering grounds. The subspecies designated as *P. t. trochilus* is the one associated with the European breeders, excluding northern Scandinavia. This specific group breeds across Europe, generally avoiding the far north but covering areas from the Alps and Pyrenees northward. Correspondingly, when these birds migrate south after the breeding season, their defined wintering destination is West Africa. This differs from *P. t. acredula*, which winters in Central Africa, and *P. t. yakutensis*, which winters in Eastern and Southern Africa.
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