What specific field mark, though sometimes subtle, is crucial for identifying the Willow Flycatcher?

Answer

The pale, often incomplete eye-ring.

Identification within the challenging *Empidonax* genus often relies on subtle features since plumage similarities are high among species. While the Willow Flycatcher possesses an olive-green back, a paler throat, and faint wing bars, these features can be shared or difficult to assess in the field. The most crucial visual cue highlighted for field identification is the presence of a pale eye-ring surrounding the bird's eye. However, this mark is frequently described as being incomplete, meaning it might not form a full circle, making its observation sometimes frustratingly difficult, yet essential when relying on visual characteristics over vocalizations.

What specific field mark, though sometimes subtle, is crucial for identifying the Willow Flycatcher?
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