What tissue composes the warthog's facial "warts" and how do they differ by sex?

Answer

They are composed of thick, tough connective tissue and cartilage and are larger in males

The fleshy protrusions that give the warthog its name, known as warts, are complex anatomical structures. These growths are composed of thick, tough connective tissue reinforced by cartilage. A key biological distinction exists between the sexes regarding these features: the warts are significantly larger and more prominent in males than in females. Although the exact evolutionary rationale is still subject to debate, the prevailing belief is that these structures function as protective padding. This padding absorbs the impact from blows sustained during intense fights, particularly those occurring over territory or access to females, thereby shielding more sensitive areas like the snout and eyes from injury.

What tissue composes the warthog's facial "warts" and how do they differ by sex?

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