Which woody plant fruit is mentioned as a supplemental food source for the kingbird?
Answer
Elderberry
Although primarily insectivorous, the Western Kingbird supplements its diet opportunistically with plant materials, especially when insects are scarce or during periods like pre-migration refueling. The text explicitly lists several specific plant items they consume, including berries from elderberry, hawthorn fruit, woodbine seeds/fruit, poison ivy seeds, and fruit from Texas mulberry. The consumption of these fruits and seeds, which offer hydration and energy, is generally considered occasional but important for providing complementary nutrients when needed.
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