Which two geological periods define the known temporal range of Xenacanthus fossils?
Carboniferous and Permian
The known temporal range for the genus Xenacanthus spans a significant duration within the late Paleozoic Era. Specifically, fossil evidence firmly establishes the presence of members of this genus during the Permian Period. Furthermore, they are also recorded appearing earlier in time, extending back into the Carboniferous Period. This longevity across two major periods underscores the successful adaptation of the Xenacanthidae family to non-marine settings over a considerable geological timescale. Understanding this vast time frame is necessary when attempting to reconstruct the ancient environments where these freshwater sharks thrived and subsequently became fossilized within continental rock formations.

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