Where were the River buffalo populations likely domesticated, distinct from the Swamp buffalo center?
Answer
The Indian subcontinent
Molecular evidence strongly supports the hypothesis of dual, separate domestication centers for the two main water buffalo types. The River buffalo populations are believed to have been domesticated specifically in the Indian subcontinent. This geographic cradle led to selection pressures focused on traits suitable for that region's agriculture, notably high milk yield. The Swamp buffalo, in contrast, was domesticated further east, likely originating in Southeast Asia or China, reflecting an emphasis on traits suitable for draft work in extensive rice cultivation.
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