What specific biological mechanism related to skin aids Zebu heat tolerance compared to Bos taurus?

Different densities and sizes of sweat glands for evaporative cooling

The superior heat tolerance exhibited by *Bos taurus indicus* in hot zones is rooted in specific physiological mechanisms within their integumentary system. Their skin possesses adaptations that specifically facilitate more effective thermoregulation. Crucially, Zebus have sweat glands that differ in density and size compared to their European counterparts. This difference allows for a more efficient process of evaporative cooling when ambient temperatures rise. Furthermore, the structure of their hide and hair coat contributes by being adapted to reflect solar radiation, thereby maintaining a lower overall skin temperature, which reduces the thermal load the animal must manage internally.