What key difference in flight posture separates Family Gruidae from Herons (Ardeidae)?

Answer

Cranes fly with necks outstretched, while herons fly with necks retracted

When differentiating the crane family (Gruidae) from morphologically similar but evolutionarily distinct families like the herons (Ardeidae), flight posture is a reliable field indicator. Cranes, including the Whooping Crane, maintain a rigid posture during flight, holding their long necks fully extended and pointing straight forward. In contrast, herons characteristically retract their necks during flight, drawing them back into an S-shape configuration. This difference in how the neck is held in the air is a fundamental trait separating these two groups of large wading birds.

What key difference in flight posture separates Family Gruidae from Herons (Ardeidae)?
taxonomyspeciesbirdanimalCrane