What is the generally cited effective range for *Naja nigricincta*'s venom spray?
Up to 3 meters (about 10 feet)
The ability of the *Naja nigricincta* to project venom is a precise, targeted defensive mechanism, not a random spray. This action is employed if a threat persists after the cobra displays its hood. The snake achieves this projection by contracting specialized muscles surrounding its venom glands, forcing the venom stream out through ducts located in its front fangs. The effective distance for this accurate spray is specifically cited as being up to 3 meters, which equates to approximately 10 feet. This range establishes a significant buffer zone, allowing the snake to defend itself against threats without needing to engage in direct physical contact via biting.

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