What color markings characterize the head and thorax of winged A. nerii adults (alatae)?
Answer
Black markings
The appearance of winged adult forms, known as *alatae*, represents a transition in the aphid's life cycle, usually triggered by dense colony conditions or the need for dispersal to new host plants. These winged individuals exhibit different visual characteristics compared to the more commonly seen wingless females. The *alatae* forms are often more strikingly characterized by the contrast between black and yellow coloration across their bodies. Specifically, they possess dark coloration in their wing veins, and critically, they display distinct black markings situated on both the head section and the thorax, which is the central segment of their body structure.
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