Regarding stinger possession in many solitary bee species, what is generally true?

Answer

Only the females possess a stinger, used only as an absolute last resort

A key piece of general entomological knowledge is that only the females of many solitary bee species possess a stinger, and even they only employ it if they are physically trapped or crushed.

Regarding stinger possession in many solitary bee species, what is generally true?
behaviorinsectbeeface