According to identification difficulty, which group presents the greatest hurdle for birders distinguishing between the two species?
Answer
Females and immature birds due to lacking showy gorgets
While the adult males provide spectacular and relatively easy-to-read signals through their distinct gorget displays—the flared purple fan of the Costa's versus the black and violet line of the Black-chinned—the true challenge arises when identifying the females and immature individuals. These non-breeding plumage birds lack the bright throat patches, forcing observers to rely on much subtler cues such as flank coloration, overall paleness, and critically, the presence or absence of white tips on the outer tail feathers, making their identification a significantly greater test of field skill.

Related Questions
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