Which family do some modern phylogenetic studies suggest Xiaotingia belongs within or directly alongside, grouping it with Anchiornis?
Answer
Anchiornithidae
Some modern phylogenetic analyses propose that Xiaotingia is positioned within or immediately adjacent to the Anchiornithidae family. This clustering groups it with other small, feathered dinosaurs such as Anchiornis and Aurornis. This association is important because it highlights a specific period characterized by intense evolutionary experimentation among small theropods occurring just before the definitive emergence of dinosaurs capable of powered flight, emphasizing the morphological diversity present in this transitional phase.

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