What survival trait was favored in white-tailed deer populations due to sustained predation pressure from the Gray Wolf (*Canis lupus*)?

Answer

Sustained endurance and superior stamina

The interaction between predator and prey serves as a major evolutionary engine, exemplified by the relationship between the white-tailed deer and apex predators like the Gray Wolf (*Canis lupus*), particularly in regions such as Minnesota. Wolves typically engage in long, persistent chases, selectively removing individuals that are weak, sick, or lack stamina. This sustained predation pressure acts as a consistent selective filter, favoring deer capable of superior endurance and stamina needed to outlast the pursuit. This pressure contrasts sharply with historical scenarios, such as those involving a saber-toothed cat favoring a stealth ambush strategy, which would have instead favored rapid acceleration over short distances.

What survival trait was favored in white-tailed deer populations due to sustained predation pressure from the Gray Wolf (*Canis lupus*)?

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