What fundamental traits did Captain Max von Stephanitz emphasize as the priority for the German Shepherd breed standard over mere appearance?
Answer
Utility and intelligence
The original philosophy underpinning the methodical breeding program initiated by Captain Max von Stephanitz centered on functional capacity rather than purely aesthetic features. The core intent was to develop a versatile dog capable of performing demanding work. Therefore, the breed standard was designed to prioritize utility—the dog's ability to perform—and intelligence, which is essential for its role as a working animal. This historical emphasis explains why modern standards caution against conformational faults that might impair stamina or efficient movement necessary for traditional duties.

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