What classification is given to the large, diamond-shaped, bony scales covering Xiphactinus?
Answer
Ganoid scales
The defensive covering of Xiphactinus was composed of thick, bony plates that interlocked tightly across its body, forming a coat of armor. These specific structures are classified paleontologically as ganoid scales. Unlike the thinner, more flexible scales found on many modern fish, these large, diamond-shaped ganoid scales provided significant structural rigidity and protection against potential attacks from other large marine animals or during aggressive feeding pursuits. This heavy dermal armor represented an evolutionary trade-off, adding considerable weight, which required exceptionally powerful musculature to overcome for high-speed movement.
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