What are the primary roles of the Yellow Tang's caudal peduncle spines?

Answer

Defense against predators and establishing dominance

The razor-sharp, retractable spines located on the caudal peduncle—the narrow part of the body near the tail—serve crucial functions related to survival and social hierarchy. Their foremost use is defensive, acting as a primary deterrent against potential predators in the reef environment. Furthermore, these scalpel-like appendages are vital tools used by the fish to assert and maintain dominance, particularly when engaged in territorial disputes with similar-looking species or other tangs competing for grazing patches. It is important to note that these structures are strictly defensive weapons and are never employed for feeding activities like scraping algae.

What are the primary roles of the Yellow Tang's caudal peduncle spines?
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