In which continent did the Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) establish itself relatively late, around the late 1800s, before spreading widely?
Answer
North America
The geographic distribution of these white butterflies reveals varying histories of successful colonization outside their native ranges. Among the three species discussed, the Cabbage White, or Pieris rapae, is noted for its broad global success, being established across both North America and Eurasia, and having also colonized Australia. However, a specific detail regarding its introduction timelines points to North America. It is believed that P. rapae arrived in North America relatively late in the historical context, making its establishment there around the late 1800s a notable point in its spread across temperate zones.

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