In North America, when and where was *Operophtera brumata* first detected as an invasive species?
Answer
In Massachusetts in the early 1990s.
The introduction and establishment of the Winter Moth in North America mark its classification as an invasive species in that region, contrasting with its native status in Europe. The initial detection in the United States occurred relatively recently, specifically noted in the state of Massachusetts. The timeline for this initial establishment points to the early 1990s. From this initial foothold, populations have since expanded geographically across New England and into eastern Canada, with subsequent sightings also reported in the Pacific Northwest, including Washington state.

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