How many copies of the *SERPINA3* gene have some woodrat species evolved via tandem duplication?
Answer
Twelve copies
The genetic basis for woodrat venom resistance involves gene duplication events within the SERPIN family, specifically regarding the *SERPINA3* gene. While humans typically possess only one copy of this gene, certain woodrat species have undergone extensive tandem duplication, resulting in the evolution of twelve copies of *SERPINA3*. These multiple gene copies allow for the production of a variety of slightly different proteins capable of binding to and neutralizing the diverse array of toxins present in rattlesnake venom, providing a robust defense mechanism.
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