How does the female Black-and-Yellow Tanager's plumage generally compare to that of the brightly colored male?
Answer
Duller olive-green and yellow plumage.
Sexual dimorphism is pronounced in the Black-and-Yellow Tanager, which observers must account for during identification. The male is unmistakable due to his sharp contrast of vivid lemon-yellow against glossy black across his head, back, and wings. In contrast, the female displays significantly duller coloration, primarily featuring olive-green and yellow plumage. This difference in brightness necessitates careful scanning, especially since the female is easier to overlook when one is actively scanning for the much brighter male, particularly in regions where subspecies variations, such as *C. c. ocularis*, are present.
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