During which period can the presence of singing males most reliably confirm an active Whinchat breeding territory in late spring?

Answer

Between May and early July.

Establishing an active breeding territory is confirmed by finding males actively engaging in territorial behavior, most notably singing. For the Whinchat in its northern breeding range, this activity is concentrated during the late spring and early summer months. The presence of singing males between May and the start of July serves as the most dependable indicator that a specific location is currently occupied and being utilized for nesting and raising young, prior to the onset of the autumn migration period.

During which period can the presence of singing males most reliably confirm an active Whinchat breeding territory in late spring?
locationhabitatbirdornithologyWhinchat