Why is artificial mineral supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D3 required for captive Whiptails, despite gut-loading insects?

Answer

Captive feeders lack the calcium derived from bones of wild prey and diverse plant ingestion.

Even when feeder insects are thoroughly gut-loaded, they often cannot replicate the full spectrum of minerals found in wild prey. In nature, whiptails obtain calcium not only from the digestive tracts of insects that consumed varied plants but crucially from directly ingesting the skeletal material, such as bones, of their varied prey items. Since captive lizards rarely consume entire small skeletons or diverse plant matter equivalent to wild inputs, the critical minerals calcium and Vitamin D3 must be supplemented artificially to ensure proper bone health and metabolic function in the captive setting.

Why is artificial mineral supplementation of calcium and Vitamin D3 required for captive Whiptails, despite gut-loading insects?
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