What material do Mud Dauber wasps use instead of paper pulp for nest construction?

Mud/Clay to create cylindrical tubes or clustered cells

Mud dauber wasps exhibit a unique nesting behavior compared to social wasps that rely on paper pulp. Instead of processing wood fibers into a papery material, mud daubers actively collect mud or clay, which they then use to construct their specialized nests. These nests typically manifest as distinct cylindrical tubes or clusters of cells attached firmly to vertical surfaces. This material choice dictates their typical location profile, often favoring sheltered vertical areas such as the sides of buildings, under eaves, or inside protected porch ceilings, differentiating them clearly from the papery structures associated with paper wasps or yellowjackets.