Under what handling condition might some Rove Beetle species release defensive chemical irritants?

Answer

When aggressively handled or crushed.

While Rove beetles are overwhelmingly beneficial, they possess defensive capabilities against perceived threats, especially when they feel cornered or are handled roughly. Certain species are known to deploy chemical defenses, which can manifest as skin irritation or, in rarer instances involving specific types, chemical burns. However, this mechanism is primarily reserved as a reaction to aggressive physical confrontation, such as being squeezed or crushed. For the routine encounters that occur during normal gardening activities, this defensive secretion is generally not a factor, leading to the advice to simply observe them from a distance.

Under what handling condition might some Rove Beetle species release defensive chemical irritants?
PredatorbeneficialinsectpestRove beetle