Outside of the host nest, how does the queen's existence resemble the behavior of other bees?

Answer

Resembling the behavior typical of bumblebee males or solitary bees

Cuckoo bumblebees occupy a unique ecological niche as social parasites. Unlike their social relatives that invest energy in building large, ground-based nests, the *B. fernaldii* queen lives a comparatively solitary existence when outside the host nest. This solitary pattern, where she only gathers nectar and uses non-specialized legs for energy collection, mirrors the lifestyle more commonly associated with bumblebee males or truly solitary bee species.

Outside of the host nest, how does the queen's existence resemble the behavior of other bees?
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