In Atlantic Wolffish reproduction, which sex assumes sole responsibility for guarding the egg mass?

Answer

The male

Reproduction in the Atlantic Wolffish is distinguished by a relatively rare display of paternal care among fishes. After the female deposits large masses of sticky, reddish-brown eggs in sheltered locations like crevices or under boulders during the late fall or early winter, she subsequently departs. The sole responsibility for nest guarding then falls upon the male. This vigilance is exhaustive, as the male diligently guards the eggs, sometimes for several months, until they successfully hatch. This extended commitment is vital for protecting the vulnerable eggs from predation and ensuring continuous oxygenation, a necessity for development in cold waters where metabolic processes proceed more slowly.

In Atlantic Wolffish reproduction, which sex assumes sole responsibility for guarding the egg mass?

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