What two materials are combined with saliva to create the paper-like substance used by yellowjackets to build their nests?
Answer
Wood fibers
The characteristic paper nests of yellowjackets are not constructed from organic matter in the traditional sense, but rather from processed wood material. Worker yellowjackets scrape or chew wood fibers from sources like fences, untreated lumber, or dead trees. They then mix these chewed fibers thoroughly with their saliva. This mixture is subsequently regurgitated and spread out layer by layer to form the protective, multi-celled structure of the colony. This process is essential for creating the durable, enclosed paper envelope that protects the developing brood and the queen from weather and predators.

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