What is the stated average survival range for European Roe Deer in the wild, often reflecting high mortality?

Answer

6 to 8 years

In habitats characterized by high predation density or significant human impact, the average survival for European Roe Deer is often cited closer to 6 to 8 years.

What is the stated average survival range for European Roe Deer in the wild, often reflecting high mortality?
animalmammallifespanRoe deer