What historical function do Nguni cattle primarily serve besides agriculture in rural settings?

A primary measure of wealth and social standing

The significance of Nguni cattle extends deeply into the social and cultural structure of many Southern African peoples, particularly the Zulu, Xhosa, and Ndebele. Historically, and continuing in many contemporary rural contexts, these animals function as a paramount measure of an individual's or family's wealth and social prestige within the community hierarchy. Furthermore, they are integral to core societal events, playing central roles in rites of passage, various ceremonies, and traditional marriage agreements, often referred to as *lobola* or dowry. This elevated status means they are frequently managed with a level of care reflecting their importance as family assets rather than strictly as interchangeable commercial commodities.