What biological concept explains the recurring phenomenon where unrelated lineages independently evolve the wormlike body plan?
Answer
Convergent evolution
When entirely separate groups of organisms, such as Annelida and Nematoda, evolve strikingly similar external morphologies like the soft, elongated form, this is a classic illustration of convergent evolution. This occurs because these distinct lineages face identical or highly similar environmental challenges—specifically, the need to burrow effectively through loose substrates like soil or sediment. Therefore, the external shape is an optimal mechanical solution reached independently by different genetic backgrounds.
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