How do earthworms fundamentally alter the physical and chemical properties of soil they inhabit?
Answer
They mix and aerate the soil, increase water infiltration, and cycle nutrients by depositing nutrient-rich casts
The impact of earthworms on terrestrial environments is transformative due to their continuous activity as ecosystem engineers. As they consume organic matter, they physically manipulate the soil structure by mixing its components and creating channels that facilitate aeration and allow water to infiltrate more effectively. Furthermore, their digestive process results in the excretion of nutrient-rich materials known as casts, which effectively cycle essential nutrients back into the upper soil layers, sustaining plant life.
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