If the arthropod association holds, what does this imply about Ecdysozoa evolution?
Answer
Earlier acquisition of chitinous or sclerotized integument
If *Wiwaxia* is genuinely related to the Arthropod lineage, it suggests a profound revision of the timeline for key evolutionary developments within the Ecdysozoa—the superphylum including arthropods and nematodes. Specifically, it implies that the process of developing a sclerotized or chitinous external covering (integument) was acquired significantly earlier in the lineage leading to arthropods than current evolutionary models often allow. This would position *Wiwaxia* as a very basal, bizarre offshoot that developed hard external features independently or long before the main arthropod line became dominant.

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