Why are wild boars generally observed as nocturnal or crepuscular animals?

To avoid high daytime temperatures and minimize encounters with human disturbance.

The shift in activity patterns for wild boars toward the hours of darkness (nocturnal) and twilight (crepuscular—dawn and dusk) is a direct behavioral adaptation to environmental stressors. High daytime temperatures pose a significant physiological challenge, especially for a large mammal, making activity during cooler periods more energy-efficient. More critically, in areas where human activity or hunting pressure is present, being active during the day increases the risk of detection and conflict. By restricting their primary foraging and movement to nighttime and twilight hours, they significantly enhance their safety and decrease negative interactions with human populations, thereby increasing their overall survival success in variable environments.