What specific condition renders adult Royal Penguins completely defenseless during the catastrophic molt?

Answer

They are confined to land, fasting, and their new plumage is not yet waterproof.

During the catastrophic molt, penguins are entirely confined to land because they must replace all feathers simultaneously and cannot enter the water until the new plumage is fully grown and waterproof, while also fasting.

What specific condition renders adult Royal Penguins completely defenseless during the catastrophic molt?
Predatoranimalwildlifepenguinroyal penguin