What primary condition causes northern populations of American Goldfinches to migrate south?

Answer

If the minimum average January temperature drops below $0^ ext{o}$F or $30^ ext{o}$F

Northern populations typically initiate southward movement if the minimum average temperature in January falls below specific thresholds, cited as $0^ ext{o}$F or $30^ ext{o}$F.

What primary condition causes northern populations of American Goldfinches to migrate south?
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