What geological feature must the excavated tunnel incline upwards to prevent?

Answer

Flooding of the terminal egg chamber.

The underground nests excavated by the Oriental Dwarf Kingfisher are highly specialized structures. The tunnel, which can reach up to a meter in length, is deliberately constructed with an upward inclination. This architectural design is a crucial adaptation for survival, specifically serving to prevent water intrusion. During heavy rains, common during the monsoon period when breeding occurs in some regions, this upward slope ensures that water is directed away from the terminal egg chamber, preventing flooding and aiding in the drainage of waste material, thereby protecting the clutch and the developing chicks.

What geological feature must the excavated tunnel incline upwards to prevent?

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